托福閱讀推理題是托福推理題何托福閱讀中最難的題型之一， 那么同學們要如何破解這一類的閱讀題型呢？接下來就和出國留學網來看看托福閱讀推理題如何解題？

“infer”意為推斷推理，題干中有出現infer，解題imply，托福推理題何indicate或suggest這四個單詞，閱讀我們就判定這個題目為托福閱讀infer題（推斷題or推理題）。解題托福閱讀infer題顧名思義就是托福推理題何考察考生對文章沒有明說觀點或想法的推理能力，你可以理解為是閱讀考察隱藏的事實信息。如果讓所有考生投票選擇托福閱讀中最難的解題題型，大概莫過于推斷題和文章摘要題了，托福推理題何而文章摘要題我們尚且可以依賴文章結構框架把握，閱讀托福閱讀infer題則是解題真正讓很多同學感到頭痛。

其實，托福推理題何任何題型的閱讀考察都是圍繞著托福閱讀文章本身來的，我們只要理清了托福閱讀文章的解題“套路”和邏輯，完全可以根據作者的思路和風格去采取正向和逆向雙重思維解決推斷題。OG上將推斷題定義為檢查考生對文章中強烈建議但絕不明說觀點（strongly implied but not explicitly stated in the text）的理解程度，屬于理解性題目。一般來說，托福閱讀infer題主要有以下三個解題步驟：

1.判斷題型。我們拿到題目，看到上面四個單詞中的任何一個，心中就想著這是推斷題，推斷題的做題宗旨是文章強烈暗示，要通過文章內容進行合理推斷。

2.審清題干，原文定位。仔細閱讀題干，弄清題干內容，推斷方向，帶著題干核心信息到文章中準確定位。

3.推測+判斷。根據相關句進行正向或逆向的推理，最后擇優而選，確定答案。

托福文章有很清晰的邏輯結構，每個自然段往往是按照TS（Topic Sentence）+SD （Supporting details）展開的，而文章多半是按Introduction + Aspects+Attitudes展開的。只有明白了文章的寫作思路才能更好更快的做對題目，作者必定是按照一定的行文順序編排段落的，如果畫一個水平軸作為事件發展的順序，推斷題是讓你從這個軸上的某一個點去推測，無非就兩個方向，順著軸發展的方向或者逆著軸發展的方向。具體來看，正向推斷和事實信息題的做題方法一樣，答案就是定位的句子的同義改寫；逆向推斷稍微復雜一點，大致分為時間和事物對比這兩類。

1）兩類事物對比，往往文中會出現表示對比的關系詞：by contrast， unlike， while， whereas， on the contrary， in comparison to， distinct from， different from等詞。例如TPO 2中的The Origins of Cetaceans的第2題，讓考生推測關于early sea otters的，回到原文中定位，會發現關鍵句中存在著一個unlike，說不像sea otters，想象一下早期鯨類比較困難（not easy = difficult），那我們逆推一下，不就是說想象早期sea otters長什么樣比較容易，正確答案中出現了not difficult，所以這道題很簡單。當然ETS不會一直都出這么簡單的推斷題，這里只是給大家一個答題的方向。

Paragraph 4： These ideas remain controversial. Proponents point to features such as the terraced ＂beaches＂ shown in one image， which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline receded. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity， perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south， in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Furthermore， Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers-layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen-that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold， dry Mars that never experienced the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans. However， more recent data imply that at least some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on the surface.

10. According to paragraph 4， what do the 2003 Global Surveyor data suggest about Mars？

○Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.

○The climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.

○Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars＇ surface for long periods of time.

○The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold， dry weather.

解析：根據關鍵詞我們定位到文段的中間部分：Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers-layers containing compounds of carbon and oxygen-that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean.

這道題可以當做事實信息題去做，但注意不是原文的簡單重復，suggest是原文中indicate的同義轉換，我們只要找到what就好了，原文that后面是重點，出現了too few， should have，情感態度推測一下，持否定態度，也就說說形成 an ancient ocean不太可能，我們看選項，A中說Ancient oceans on Mars contained only small amounts of carbon.主客體與原文矛盾，排除；B選項The climate of Mars may not have been suitable for the formation of large bodies of water.說不適合形成大量的水，持否定態度，符合原文，保留；C選項Liquid water may have existed on some parts of Mars＇ surface for long periods of time.相關句中未提及，排除；D選項The ancient oceans that formed on Mars dried up during periods of cold， dry weather.說的是ancient oceans沒有，而不是原來有后來干涸了，與原文不符，排除，所以正確答案為B。

2）題干中出現表示時間的信息，比如：after 1932，since early years of the 19th century.例如TPO 20 Passage 1 Western Migration Q1：

Paragraph 1： The story of the westward movement of population in the US is， in the main， the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat， corn， tobacco， and cotton. After 1815， improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high， the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.

What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815？

○They had limited their crop production to wheat， corn， tobacco and cotton.

○They were able to sell their produce at high prices

○They had not been successful in raising cattle.

○They did not operate in a national market economy.

題干中出現了兩個信息，一個是western farmers，一個是prior to 1815，帶著兩條信息去文中定位，定位在第一段第四行，但是文章中沒有提到1815年之前，只有1815年之后，答案其實很簡單，只要把1815年之后的內容看懂了，并且在這個內容前面加not即可。舉個簡單的例子，“從現在起Jessica是個姑娘”，“請問你能推斷出昨天Jessica怎么了么？”可能很多人想到“是不是Jessica做了變性手術？”，其實這就算過分推斷了，答案就是Jessica昨天不是個姑娘。言歸正題，文中說到，改善的交通使得越來越多的西部農民擺脫了自給自足的生活，并且進入了國家性的市場經濟，那個時候貨物的價格很多，所以向西遷移的速率也大幅增長。

面對托福閱讀infer題，我們要把握住文章的整體邏輯結構，根據具體情況去綜合利用正向思維和逆向思維進行合理推斷，同時注意千萬不要過度推理。托福閱讀infer題和其他任何托福題型的備考策略相似，不能光看攻略不做題，要通過有針對性的真題練習把這些技巧方法都融入到實際做題中，獲得托福閱讀能力與分數的同步提高。

推薦閱讀：